13th International Conference on Fracture June 16–21, 2013, Beijing, China -5- as particle velocity and impact angle, etc. Here we would like to calculate the erosion rates for various cases with a velocity range of 70-130m/s (10m/s interval) and an angle range of 20-75°. In addition, ElTobgy et al. [6] also pointed out that the sphere sizes have no obvious influence on erosion rate. Therefore in the present paper, we fix the sphere size, that is, the volume of the irregular impact particle is chosen to have the same volume as the spherical one with a diameter of 1mm. The same velocity and angle ranges for both spherical and irregular particles are used in the present study. The detailed analysis will be presented in the next section. (a) after 1st Sphere (b) after 2nd Sphere (c) after 3rd Sphere (d) after 4th Sphere (e) after 5th Sphere Figure 3. Material removal for 5 particle impacts sequentially (velocity =100m/s, angle = 30°) 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Effect of impact velocity on erosion rate To calculate the erosion rate, we perform FE simulations on the impact of spherical particles at an impact angle of 45° and different velocities using the same substrate and impacting material. Table 2 shows the cumulative mass loss of substrate material after each sphere impact. It is seen that when the velocity is low, no material removal occurs or mass loss is relatively small. When the impact velocity is high, however, more mass loss occurs and in some cases, the penetration occurs after several particle impacts. Table 2. Cumulative mass loss of the substrate material (10-6kg) Angle Velocity (m/s) 1st Sphere 2nd Sphere 3rd Sphere 4th Sphere 5th Sphere 45° 70 0 0 0 1.10E-03 6.70E-03 80 0 0 5.60E-03 2.66E-02 5.37E-02 90 0 3.90E-03 3.10E-02 7.20E-02 1.16E-01 100 0 1.44E-02 6.53E-02 1.20E-01 1.78E-01 110 5.00E-04 3.60E-02 9.96E-02 1.68E-01 penetration 120 5.50E-03 5.86E-02 1.44E-01 penetration 130 1.55E-02 9.91E-02 2.08E-01 penetration
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