2 that the fracture research at Sendai and Tohoku University was familiar to Cottrell from at least 1939. This is all found in the “Cottrell Archive” in the Metallurgy & Materials Library at Cambridge which is also interesting in regard to a sheaf of letters to Cottrell in 19481949 when a Lecturer in Metallurgy at Birmingham University from Walter Boas (CSIRO Australia and formerly Berlin, Germany), M B Bever (MIT, USA), Egon Orowan (MIT USA), W Hibbard (Yale, USA), R F Mehl (Carnegie, USA), Ulick Evans (Cambridge, England) indicating the strong thread of Cottrell’s international connections still in his twenties as a young researcher, including with MIT. ICF2 was held in 1969 in England with 480 delegates from 25 countries. A major driving force in this second conference at which ICF was founded was to be sure Alan Cottrell who presented the Opening Address with Roy Nichols as Quadrennial Conference Chairman. ICF3 was held in Germany in 1973 with some 500 delegates from 26 countries and ICF4 was held in Canada in 1977 with over 750 delegates from 38 countries. An earlier paper (Taplin & Saxena) outlines the historical development of ICF and this paper along with the full ICF-WASI Archive is available on www.icf-wasi.org now formally launched. This includes the Proceedings from “ICF0”, Swampscott 1959 through to ICF12, Ottawa 2009 and indeed ICF13, Beijing 2013 with plans forward regarding ICF14, Rhodes & ICF15, Vancouver, perhaps ICF15 Berlin 2025 we anticipate - plus various additional documents, papers and Interquadrennial Proceedings in a freely available internet library for the new “Academy”. This present paper builds on a Cottrell Forum paper at ICF4 “Fracture & Society” based on interviews with Cottrell in 1977 coupled to a series of interviews with current researchers who are legatees of Cottrell’s enduring inspiration. A second part of the present paper focuses on the BCS model and related models devised by Cottrell. A third part of this paper addresses the future of ICF as a World Academy. Metallurgy is arguably the oldest scientific and engineering profession perhaps seven thousand years old and the metallurgists who helped create the Parthenon attest to this with lead coated iron clamps for the epistyles. Some would argue that metallurgy was mainly a "black-art" until being transformed by such as Cottrell and others in the 1940's & 1950's to a modern science through for example Cottrell’s books on Structural Metallurgy & Dislocations. Cottrell himself was brought-up in Birmingham in the inter-war years of industrial expansion and was trained in the older black-art traditions based on optical metallography and one can discern this old (more art than science) tradition in Cottrell's MSc/PhD theses of over seventy years ago. In particular there are just two equations in Cottrell’s PhD thesis on pages 38 and 83 which are simply stress calculation formulae. The thesis is based on simple tests and extensive optical metallography with an entirely qualitative approach consistent with the evolution of metallurgy as a discipline at that time. Jim Charles was the first lecturer appointment Cottrell made at Cambridge as Goldsmiths’ Professor in 1960 who one could deduce continued the black-art intuitive approach also researching archeo-metallurgy creating a wider perspective for the more modernistic new lecturers such as John Knott appointed by Cottrell at Cambridge. Knott worked with
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