6 characterizes the ratio of repulsion force to that of attraction and, hence, this number characterizes also the global behavior of this system which depends on its scale. Evidently, when we can ignore the cosmic energy and its repulsion effect, and when we can ignore the gravitational energy and its attraction effect. From Eq. (10), it follows that a system of two masses expands and disappears, when and the system exists, when . Let us estimate the value of for some astronomical objects. Our solar system: Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. The latter is distant from Sun, so that we can take (about the mass of Sun). From here, it follows that for our solar system. And so, there is no way to observe the cosmic field from any planetary observations, although the cosmic field makes the eccentricity of planetary orbits a little bit bigger by an undetectably small amount. Milky Way. Our galaxy Milky Way consists of more than 200 billion stars which rotate around the galaxy center where there is a Black Hole. Milky Way has a shape of a flat pancake having thickness , radius and mass about . From here, it follows that for Milky Way. And so, even in the scale of the galaxy it is, probably, impossible to measure the effect of the cosmic field. Our Universe. Our Universe consists of more than 100 billion galaxies packed in clusters and super-clusters, each of many millions of galaxies. Our Universe’s fractal dimension is about 2.2 so that it resembles a flat pancake, too. According to some recent estimates for our Universe, we have , and . For typical super-clusters, we have and . And so, it is evident that the effect of the cosmic field can be observed and estimated only from astronomical observations of very distant objects that are close to the edge of our Universe, i.e. to the time billion years since the Bing Bang has happened. Let us compare the gravitational force of attraction of Earth to Sun and the cosmic force of repulsion of Earth from Sun. The first one is equal to while the second Now, we present an elementary, non-relativistic model of our Universe and estimate its size as follows. Suppose our Universe of mass is homogenous so that a gravitational probe mass is acted upon by the gravitational force of attraction to the center of Universe and by the cosmic force of repulsion from the center of Universe where is the distance of the mass from the center of Universe. We define our Universe as a closed community of gravitational masses in the unbounded cosmic field. From here, it follows that the probe mass goes away and leaves Universe if where
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