13th International Conference on Fracture June 16–21, 2013, Beijing, China -10- References [1] K. Aki, Seismic displacements near a fault. J Geophys Res, 73 (1968) 5359−5376. [2] K. Olsen, R. Madariaga, R. Archuleta, Three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the 1992 Landers earthquake. Science, 278 (1997) 834−838. [3] K. Uenishi, H. P. Rossmanith, A. E. Scheidegger, Rayleigh pulse − Dynamic triggering of fault slip. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 89 (1999) 1296−1312. [4] R. Madariaga, Radiation from a finite reverse fault in a half space. Pure Appl Geophys, 160 (2003) 555−577. [5] D. D. Oglesby, R. J. Archuleta, S. B. Nielsen, Earthquakes on dipping faults; the effects of broken symmetry. Science, 280 (1998) 1055−1059. [6] H. Kao, W.-P. Chen, The Chi-Chi earthquake sequence: Active, out-of-sequence thrust faulting in Taiwan. Science, 288 (2000) 2346−2349. [7] D. D. Oglesby, S. M. Day, Fault geometry and the dynamics of the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 91 (2001) 1099−1111. [8] P. M. Davis, L. Knopoff, The dipping antiplane crack. Geophys J Int, 106 (1991) 581−585. [9] D. D. Oglesby, R. J. Archuleta, S. B. Nielsen, Dynamics of dip-slip faulting; Explorations in two dimensions. J Geophys Res, 105 (2000) 13,643−13,653. [10]R. Burridge, G. Halliday, Dynamic shear cracks with friction as models for shallow focus earthquakes. Geophys J R Astron Soc, 25 (1971) 261−283. [11] D. M. Boore, M. D. Zoback, Near-field motions from kinematic models of propagating faults. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 64 (1974) 555−570. [12]A. Niazi, An exact solution for a finite, two-dimensional moving dislocation in an elastic half space with applications to the San Fernando earthquake of 1971. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 65 (1975) 1797−1826. [13]M. Bouchon, K. Aki, Discrete wave number representation of seismic-source wavefields. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 67 (1977) 259−277. [14]B. Shi, J. N. Brune, Y. Zeng, A. Anooshehpoor, Dynamics of earthquake normal faulting: Two-dimensional lattice particle model. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 93 (2003) 1179−1197. [15]K. Uenishi, R. I. Madariaga, Surface breaking dip-slip fault: Its dynamics and generation of corner waves. Eos Trans AGU, 86 (2005) Fall Meet Suppl, Abstract S34A-03. [16]The accelerograms obtained by the K-NET (Kyoshin Net) have shown the same tendency. The K-NET by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention of Japan provides the strong-motion data on the Internet (http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/). At that time, the seismic data were systematically collected at 1,000 observatories deployed all over Japan, with the average interval of some 25 km. For the distributions of the hypocenters of the main and aftershocks, see e.g., A. Kato et al., Imaging the Source Region of the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake and the Evolution of a Seismogenic Thrust-Related Fold, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2005GL022366, 2005. [17]S. Aoi, T. Kunugi, H. Fujiwara, Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion. Science, 322 (2008) 727−730. [18]The numerical simulations have been performed using the finite difference technique originally developed in K. Uenishi, H. P. Rossmanith, SWIFD Finite Difference Wave Simulator and User Manual, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1995. [19]H. P. Rossmanith, K. Uenishi, N. Kouzniak, Blast wave propagation in rock mass − Part I: Monolithic medium. Fragblast, 1 (1997) 317−359. [20]K. Uenishi, H. P. Rossmanith, Blast wave propagation in rock mass − Part II: Layered media. Fragblast, 2 (1998) 39−77. [21]S. Ide, A. Baltay, G. C. Beroza, Shallow dynamic overshoot and energetic deep rupture in the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake. Science, 332 (2011) 1426−1429.
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