13th International Conference on Fracture June 16–21, 2013, Beijing, China -10- 3. Conclusions In the present paper, a numerical study has been conducted on the perforation of Weldox460E steel plates subjected to impact by rigid conical-nosed projectiles at normal incidence using dynamic finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit. The targets was modelled using the modified Johnson-Cook constitutive relation which was implemented as a user-defined material model by means of a subroutine (VUMAT). The numerical results are in good agreement with the experiments in terms of the patterns of targets after full perforation and the residual velocities, it is shown that the finite element models developed here are reliable. Based on the verified finite element model, numerical simulations are performed on the perforation of 6mm thick Weldox460E steel plates struck normally by conical-nosed projectiles with various cone angles. It is found that the energy dissipated for the perforation is closely related to the failure mode of the target plate, and the energy dissipated is not always increasing sensuously with the increment of the projectile cone angles. It is shown that the energy dissipated by discing is maximum. References [1] Backman ME, Goldsmith W. The mechanics of penetration of projectiles into targets. International Journal of Engineering Science, 1978, 16(1): 1-99. [2] Corbett GG, Reid SR, Johnson W. Impact loading of plates and shells by free-flying projectiles: a review. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1996, 18(2): 141-230. [3] Goldsmith W. Non-ideal projectile impact on targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1999, 22(2-3): 95-395. [4] Borvik T, Langseth M, Hopperstad OS, Malo KA. Perforation of 12 mm thick steel plates by 20 mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical nosed partⅠ: experimental study. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2002, 27(1): 19-35. [5] Børvik T, Hopperstad OS, Berstad T, Langseth M. Perforation of 12mm thick steel plates by 20mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical noses, Part Ⅱ: numerical simulations. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2002, 27(1): 37-64. [6] Dey S, Børvik T, Hopperstad OS, Leinum JR, Langseth M. The effect of target strength on the perforation of steel plates using three different projectile nose shapes. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2004, 30(8–9): 1005–1038. [7] Rosenberg Z, Dekel E. Revisiting the perforation of ductile plates by sharp-nosed rigid projectiles. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2010, 47: 3022-3033. [8] Iqbal MA, Chakrabarti A, Beniwai S, Gupta NK. 3D numerical simulations of sharp nosed projectile impact on ductile targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2010, 37: 185-195. [9] Iqbal MA, Gupta G, Gupta NK. 3D numerical simulations of ductile targets subjected to oblique impact by sharp nosed projectiles. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2010, 47: 224-237. [10]Gupta NK, Iqbal MA, Sekhon GS. Effect of projectile nose shape, impact velocity and target thickness on deformation behavior of aluminum plates. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2007, 44: 3411-3439. [11] Sun WH. Theoretical and numerical study on failure modes of metal plates under normal impact by conical-nosed projectiles. PHD Dissertation, University of Science and Technology of China, 2009. [12]Børvik T, Hopperstad OS, Langseth M, Malo KA. Effect of target thickness in blunt projectile penetration of Weldox 460 E steel plates. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2003, 28: 413-464. [13]He T. A study on the penetration of projectiles into targets made of various materials. PHD Dissertation, University of Science and Technology of China, 2007.
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