13th International Conference on Fracture June 16–21, 2013, Beijing, China -7- the mid-thickness. This is compatible with the simulation results for void nucleation distribution and effective strain rate distribution. (3) The simulated results are in good agreement compared with the experimental results in terms of stress distribution and fracture morphology. The relationship between the initiation of inverse fracture and the length of mixed fracture zone need to be further investigated. Acknowledgements The authors appreciate Prof. Valerie Linton (Energy Pipeline CRC), Dr. John Piper (John Piper & Associates) and Leigh Fletcher (Welding and Pipeline integrity) for the suggestions in revision of the manuscript. This work was funded by the Energy Pipeline CRC, supported through the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centre Program. The funding and in-kind support from the APIA RSC is gratefully acknowledged. The corresponding author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Vice-Chancellor’s Fellowship Grant at the University of Wollongong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant 51105071 and the Doctorate Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China through the Grant 20090042120005. References [1] ANSI/API, Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe, Third Edition, 1996. [2] ASTM, Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels, 2008. [3] A. Cosham, D. G. Jones, R. Eiber, P. Hopkins, Don’t drop the drop weight tear test. Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 9(2010).69-84. [4] R. J. Eiber, B. N. Leis, Fracture control technology for natural gas pipelines circa 2001, Report No. PR-003-00108 to PRCI, 2001. [5] R. J. Eiber, Correlation of full scale tests with laboratory tests. 3rd Symposium on Line Pipe Research, American Gas Association, November 1965, 83-118. [6] A. L. Gurson, Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: part i---yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 99(1977) 2-15. [7] V. Tvergaard, Influence of voids on shear band instabilities under plane strain conditions. International Journal of Fracture, 17 (1981) 389-407. [8] V. Tvergaard, A. Needleman, Analysis of the cup-cone fracture in a round tensile bar, Acta Metallurgica, 32(1984) 157-169. [9] G. Bernauer, W. Brocks, Micro-mechanical modelling of ductile damage and tearing – results of a European numerical round robin. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 25 (2002) 363-384. [10]C. Ruggieri, T.L. Panontin, R.H. Dodds, Numerical modeling of ductile crack growth in 3-D using computational cell elements, International Journal of Fracture, 82 (1990) 67-95. [11] X. Gao, J. Faleskog, C.F. Shih, Cell model for nonlinear fracture analysis – II. Fracture- process calibration and verification. International Journal of Fracture, 89(1998)375-398, [12]K. C. Koppenhoefer, R. H. Dodds Jr, Loading rate effects on cleavage fracture of pre-cracked CVN specimens: 3-D studies. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 58 (1997) 249-270. [13]A. Eberle, D. Klingbeil, W. Baer, P. Wossidlo, R. Liicker, The Calculation Of Dynamic
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